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Phthalocyanines can exist in various charge states. The neutral form is typically represented as H2Pc, where Pc stands for the phthalocyanine macrocycle. However, depending on the metal ion coordinated within the macrocycle and the surrounding environment, phthalocyanines can be anionic (e.g., CuPc-2, where Cu is the metal and -2 indicates a dianionic charge) or cationic (e.g., [CuPc]+, indicating a monocationic charge).