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In a Frost diagram for sulfur in basic solution, the species that would disproportionate are sulfite (SO3^2-) and sulfur (S).
Sulfite can disproportionate to form sulfate (SO4^2-) and sulfide (S^2-) because it lies above the line connecting these two species. This means that sulfite is thermodynamically unstable and can spontaneously react to form a mixture of sulfate and sulfide.
Sulfur can disproportionate to form sulfide (S^2-) and sulfate (SO4^2-) because it also lies above the line connecting these two species. This means that sulfur is also thermodynamically unstable and can spontaneously react to form a mixture of sulfide and sulfate.