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Why are ortho-para directors activators?
Accepted Answer
Ortho-para directors are activators in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions because they donate electron density to the aromatic ring, making it more reactive. This electron donation arises from resonance effects, where the substituent's lone pairs or pi electrons can delocalize into the aromatic system. This increased electron density makes the ring more susceptible to attack by electrophiles, leading to faster reaction rates and favoring substitution at the ortho and para positions.
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