Primary reference electrode:
- Standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)
- Used to establish the absolute potential scale
- Consists of a platinum electrode immersed in a solution of hydrogen ions at unit activity and under a pressure of 1 atm
Secondary reference electrode:
- Calomel electrode
- Silver/silver chloride electrode
- Used for practical purposes
- Have a stable and reproducible potential relative to the SHE
- Convenient to use and maintain